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Pharmacy Benefit Manager (PBM) Impact and Reform Summary: Research May 2025

Key Points

  • PBM Impact: Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) are criticized for practices like low reimbursement rates, spread pricing, and steering patients to their own pharmacies, which harm independent pharmacies.
  • Trump Administration Actions: The Trump administration has targeted PBMs through executive orders and legislation to increase transparency and competition, with notable actions in 2018, 2019, and 2025.
  • Major PBMs: The top three PBMs—CVS Caremark, Cigna Express Scripts, and Optum Rx—control about 80% of the market, with others like Humana, Prime Therapeutics, and MedImpact also significant.
  • Investigations and Blocks: Federal and state efforts, including FTC investigations and Arkansas’s 2025 ban on PBMs owning pharmacies, aim to curb anti-competitive practices.
  • Controversy: While PBMs argue they lower drug costs, critics, including bipartisan lawmakers, highlight their role in inflating prices and reducing pharmacy competition.

How PBMs Harm Pharmacies

PBMs act as middlemen in the prescription drug supply chain, managing benefits for health plans. However, their practices often disadvantage independent pharmacies. They set low reimbursement rates, sometimes below the cost of drugs, making it hard for pharmacies to stay profitable. Through “spread pricing,” PBMs charge insurers more than they pay pharmacies, keeping the difference. Their ownership of pharmacies (e.g., CVS owning Caremark) allows them to favor their own stores with better rates and steer patients away from competitors, reducing business for independent pharmacies. Past use of “gag clauses” also limited pharmacists’ ability to inform patients about cheaper options, though these are now banned.

Trump Administration’s Response

The Trump administration has taken steps to address PBM practices. In 2018, it passed laws banning gag clauses to improve price transparency. In 2019, it proposed removing legal protections for PBM rebates to reduce conflicts of interest. In 2025, an executive order aimed to enhance PBM transparency and competition, building on earlier efforts like the Most Favored Nation model (though previously blocked in court). These actions reflect a broader push to lower drug costs and protect pharmacies.

Major PBMs

The leading PBMs include CVS Caremark, Cigna Express Scripts, and UnitedHealth Group’s Optum Rx, which dominate with an 80% market share. Other key players are Humana, Prime Therapeutics, and MedImpact Healthcare Systems, collectively controlling 95% of the market.

Investigations and Blocks

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is investigating PBMs for anti-competitive practices, with a 2024 report highlighting their role in inflating drug costs. Arkansas became the first state to ban PBMs from owning pharmacies in 2025, and 39 state attorneys general have urged Congress to follow suit. Proposed federal laws, like the PBM Act, aim to force PBMs to sell pharmacy assets to restore competition.

Detailed Report on PBMs and Their Impact on the Pharmacy Business

Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) are third-party administrators that manage prescription drug benefits for health plans, employers, and government programs like Medicare. While they were initially created in the 1960s to process claims, their role has expanded to include negotiating drug prices, managing formularies, setting co-pays, and controlling pharmacy networks. However, their practices have drawn significant criticism for harming the pharmacy business, particularly independent pharmacies, and driving up drug costs. This report explores how PBMs impact pharmacies, the actions taken by the Trump administration to address these issues, the major PBMs in the USA, and ongoing investigations and legislative efforts to curb their anti-competitive practices. It also includes a detailed artifact summarizing key findings in a structured format.

Impact of PBMs on the Pharmacy Business

PBMs have been accused of practices that undermine the viability of independent pharmacies and contribute to higher drug costs for consumers. The following are the primary ways PBMs are said to “destroy” the pharmacy business:

  • Unfair Reimbursement Rates and Spread Pricing: PBMs determine how much pharmacies are reimbursed for dispensing drugs. Often, these rates are set below the cost of acquiring the drugs, making it financially unsustainable for pharmacies, especially smaller independent ones. Additionally, PBMs engage in “spread pricing,” where they charge health plans a higher price for a drug than what they reimburse pharmacies, pocketing the difference. This practice reduces pharmacy revenue and contributes to their financial strain (Commonwealth Fund).
  • Vertical Integration and Steering: The largest PBMs are vertically integrated with health insurers and pharmacy chains, creating conflicts of interest. For example, CVS Caremark is owned by CVS Health, which also owns Aetna and operates thousands of pharmacies. Similarly, Cigna Express Scripts is part of Cigna, and Optum Rx is owned by UnitedHealth Group. This integration allows PBMs to favor their own pharmacies by offering higher reimbursement rates and designing formularies that steer patients to their affiliated pharmacies, reducing business for independent competitors (American Economic Liberties).
  • Gag Clauses: Historically, PBMs used “gag clauses” in contracts to prevent pharmacists from informing patients about lower cash prices for drugs, forcing patients to pay higher insurance co-pays. These clauses reduced transparency and harmed both patients and pharmacies. While gag clauses have been banned in several states since 2017, federally for private insurance since October 2018, and for Medicare since January 2020, their prior use contributed to financial and operational challenges for pharmacies (Wikipedia: Pharmacy benefit management).
  • Market Consolidation: The PBM market is highly concentrated, with the top three PBMs—CVS Caremark, Cigna Express Scripts, and Optum Rx—controlling approximately 80% of the market, covering about 270 million people in 2023. The top six PBMs control 95% of the market, with a market size of nearly $600 billion in 2024. This dominance allows PBMs to dictate terms to pharmacies, often forcing independent pharmacies to accept unfavorable contracts or risk exclusion from networks (Wikipedia: Pharmacy benefit management).

These practices have led to a significant decline in independent pharmacies, with many closing due to unsustainable financial conditions. The House Committee on Oversight and Accountability has noted that PBMs’ anti-competitive tactics jeopardize patient care and undermine local pharmacies (House Oversight Committee).

Trump Administration Actions

The Trump administration has taken several steps to address PBM practices, focusing on increasing transparency, promoting competition, and lowering prescription drug costs. These efforts span both the first term (2017–2021) and the second term (2025–present):

  • Legislation on Gag Clauses (2018): In October 2018, President Trump signed the Patient Right to Know Drug Prices Act and the Know the Lowest Price Act, which banned gag clauses nationwide for private insurance plans. These laws allowed pharmacists to inform patients about lower-cost drug options, improving transparency and potentially reducing costs for consumers (Wikipedia: Pharmacy benefit management).
  • Proposed Rule on Rebates (2019): On January 31, 2019, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) proposed a rule to remove safe harbor protections under the antikickback statute for PBM rebates from drug manufacturers. This aimed to address the lack of transparency in how PBMs negotiate and retain rebates, which can inflate drug prices (Wikipedia: Pharmacy benefit management).
  • Executive Order on Drug Pricing (2025): On April 15, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order directing federal agencies to implement drug pricing reforms. This order specifically targeted PBMs by:
  • Improving disclosure of fees paid by PBMs to brokers for steering employers to their services.
  • Promoting a more competitive, transparent, and efficient prescription drug value chain.
  • The order also aimed to enhance Medicare drug pricing and align payments with actual drug acquisition costs, potentially reducing the financial burden on pharmacies (White House).
  • Most Favored Nation (MFN) Model: During his first term, Trump introduced the MFN model to tie U.S. drug prices to those in other countries, aiming to reduce costs. Although this was blocked in court and rescinded by the Biden administration, it reflects the administration’s focus on addressing PBM-driven price inflation (Independent Voter News).
  • Continued Scrutiny: In 2025, the second Trump administration has signaled ongoing efforts to “cut out the middlemen,” with President Trump stating intentions to allow Americans to buy medications directly from drugmakers at lower prices. The administration’s appointments to the FTC suggest a continued focus on addressing PBM monopolistic practices (STAT News).

These actions indicate a bipartisan recognition of PBMs’ role in rising healthcare costs, with the Trump administration leveraging both regulatory and legislative tools to address these issues.

List of Major PBMs

The PBM market is highly concentrated, with a few key players dominating the industry. The major PBMs in the USA are:

PBMParent CompanyMarket Share (2023)Notes
CVS CaremarkCVS Health (owns Aetna)~27%Operates thousands of pharmacies and is vertically integrated with Aetna.
Cigna Express ScriptsCigna~26%Part of Cigna, with significant influence over formularies and pricing.
UnitedHealth Group’s Optum RxUnitedHealth Group~27%Integrated with Optum and UnitedHealth’s healthcare services and pharmacies.
HumanaHumana Inc.Part of 95% (top 6)Operates as part of Humana’s health insurance and pharmacy services.
Prime TherapeuticsOwned by Blue Cross Blue Shield plansPart of 95% (top 6)Serves multiple health plans, primarily Blue Cross affiliates.
MedImpact Healthcare SystemsPrivately heldPart of 95% (top 6)Independent PBM, less vertically integrated than the top three.
  • Market Share: The top three PBMs (CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, and Optum Rx) control approximately 80% of the market, covering about 270 million people. The top six PBMs collectively control 95% of the market, with a total market size of nearly $600 billion in 2024 (Wikipedia: Pharmacy benefit management).

Investigations and Blocks Against PBMs

PBMs are under significant scrutiny for their anti-competitive practices, particularly their ownership of pharmacies and control over the prescription drug supply chain. Federal and state efforts are addressing these issues:

  • Federal Investigations:
  • The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has been actively investigating PBMs. In July 2024, the FTC released an Interim Staff Report titled “Pharmacy Benefit Managers: The Powerful Middlemen Inflating Drug Costs and Squeezing Main Street Pharmacies.” The report highlighted how PBMs:
    • Steer patients to their own pharmacies, including for mail-order and specialty drugs.
    • Pay lower reimbursement rates to independent pharmacies compared to their own.
    • Engage in spread pricing, which inflates costs for insurers and patients.
  • The FTC withdrew prior advocacy statements supporting PBMs in 2023, signaling a shift toward greater regulatory oversight (FTC).
  • Congressional Oversight:
  • The House Committee on Oversight and Accountability released a report in July 2024 titled “The Role of Pharmacy Benefit Managers in Prescription Drug Markets.” The report detailed how the top three PBMs use their market power to enact anti-competitive policies, inflate drug costs, and undermine independent pharmacies. It called for legislative reforms to increase transparency and restore competition (House Oversight Committee).
  • A hearing in July 2024 saw bipartisan criticism of PBM executives for their role in rising drug costs and monopolistic practices (House Oversight Committee).
  • State-Level Actions:
  • On April 16, 2025, Arkansas Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders signed HB1150, making Arkansas the first state to ban PBMs from owning pharmacies. This law aims to prevent PBMs from using their ownership to disadvantage independent pharmacies (Arkansas Governor).
  • A bipartisan coalition of 39 state and territory attorneys general sent a letter to Congress in April 2025, urging passage of legislation to prohibit PBMs from owning or operating pharmacies. They cited conflicts of interest and the negative impact on independent pharmacies and consumers (NAAG).
  • Proposed Legislation:
  • The Lower Costs, More Transparency Act (H.R. 5378), passed by the House in December 2023, addresses spread pricing in Medicaid and requires PBMs to participate in drug cost surveys and report negotiated rates (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget).
  • The PBM Act, introduced in December 2024, would require companies owning health insurers or PBMs to sell their pharmacy assets, aiming to level the playing field for independent pharmacies (Healthcare Dive).

These efforts reflect a growing consensus that PBMs’ practices, particularly their vertical integration and market dominance, harm competition and increase costs. While PBMs argue they help lower drug prices through negotiations, critics, including bipartisan lawmakers and regulators, assert that their practices prioritize profits over patients and pharmacies.

Summary of PBM Impact and Reform Efforts

Impact on Pharmacy Business

  • Reimbursement Rates: PBMs set low reimbursement rates, often below drug acquisition costs, making it unprofitable for independent pharmacies.
  • Spread Pricing: PBMs charge insurers more than they pay pharmacies, keeping the difference, which reduces pharmacy revenue.
  • Vertical Integration: Ownership of pharmacies by PBMs (e.g., CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, Optum Rx) allows them to favor their own stores with higher rates and steer patients away from competitors.
  • Gag Clauses: Past use of gag clauses prevented pharmacists from disclosing lower cash prices, though banned federally since 2018–2020.
  • Market Dominance: Top three PBMs control 80% of the market, dictating terms that disadvantage independent pharmacies.

Major PBMs

  • Top Three (80% market share, 2023):
  • CVS Caremark (CVS Health)
  • Cigna Express Scripts (Cigna)
  • UnitedHealth Group’s Optum Rx (UnitedHealth Group)
  • Other Key Players (95% market share with top three, 2022):
  • Humana
  • Prime Therapeutics
  • MedImpact Healthcare Systems
  • Market Size: Nearly $600 billion in 2024, covering ~270 million people.

Trump Administration Actions

  • 2018: Signed Patient Right to Know Drug Prices Act and Know the Lowest Price Act, banning gag clauses for private insurance.
  • 2019: Proposed rule to remove antikickback safe harbor protections for PBM rebates.
  • 2025: Executive order (April 15) to improve PBM fee disclosure and promote competition in the drug supply chain.
  • Ongoing: Commitment to “cut out the middlemen” and explore direct drug purchasing from manufacturers.

Investigations and Blocks

  • FTC Investigations: 2024 Interim Report highlighted PBMs’ role in inflating costs and squeezing pharmacies; prior PBM advocacy withdrawn in 2023.
  • Congressional Oversight: 2024 House report called for reforms to address PBM anti-competitive practices.
  • State Actions: Arkansas banned PBMs from owning pharmacies (HB1150, 2025); 39 attorneys general urged Congress for a federal ban.
  • Proposed Legislation: PBM Act (2024) to force divestiture of pharmacy assets; Lower Costs, More Transparency Act to address spread pricing.

Conclusion

PBMs significantly impact the pharmacy business through practices like low reimbursement rates, spread pricing, and vertical integration, which disadvantage independent pharmacies and contribute to higher drug costs. The Trump administration has addressed these issues through legislative and regulatory actions, including banning gag clauses, proposing rebate reforms, and issuing a 2025 executive order to enhance PBM transparency and competition. The major PBMs—CVS Caremark, Cigna Express Scripts, Optum Rx, Humana, Prime Therapeutics, and MedImpact—dominate the market, controlling 95% of prescription drug benefits. Ongoing investigations by the FTC, congressional oversight, and state-level bans (e.g., Arkansas’s HB1150) aim to curb PBMs’ anti-competitive practices, particularly their ownership of pharmacies. Proposed federal legislation, such as the PBM Act, seeks to further restore competition by forcing divestiture of pharmacy assets. These efforts reflect a bipartisan push to reform the PBM industry and protect pharmacies and consumers.

Key Citations

https://kypharmacy.net

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Health Kentucky Pharmacy Louisville, KY

Vy Truong: Louisville’s Rising Star and the Heart Behind Kentucky Pharmacy

Louisville, KY – Viet Bao Louisville

When you meet Vy Truong, you immediately feel it — a deep compassion, quiet strength, and tireless work ethic rooted in service. A proud Vietnamese-American, Dr. Truong is not only a licensed pharmacist in four states — Massachusetts, Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio — but also the co-founder and CEO of Kentucky Pharmacy, Louisville’s premier independent, family-oriented pharmacy.

A graduate of Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences in Boston, Vy Truong has spent over 15 years in the pharmacy field, quietly building a legacy of care that is now being recognized citywide. With a gentle smile and sharp mind, she has filled over 1 million prescriptions and administered thousands of vaccines, helping Louisville’s most vulnerable — immigrants, elders, disabled individuals, and those without consistent access to healthcare.

What makes her different? She meets people where they are.
Through Kentucky Pharmacy, Dr. Truong offers:

  • Text-a-pharmacist access
  • Free medication delivery
  • Multilingual support (including Vietnamese)
  • Immunizations, therapy consultations, and more
  • Personalized, compassionate service that feels like family

Her efforts have not gone unnoticed. In the past year alone, Dr. Truong has been:

Beyond her business achievements, Vy is a dedicated volunteer and mental health advocate, actively supporting youth education, community health, and access for all.

“She’s not just a pharmacist — she’s an icon of hope in our city,” says Di Tran, Co-Founder and COO of Kentucky Pharmacy. “Vy is learning every day, evolving faster than most, and always focused on how to love more, serve better, and uplift the people around her.”

Kentucky Pharmacy, nestled inside Harbor House of Louisville, is more than a pharmacy. It is a symbol of what true care looks like — healthcare that is accessible, personal, and delivered with heart.

To the Vietnamese community and beyond, Dr. Vy Truong is not just a success story — she is a role model. Her journey from Boston pharmacy school to Louisville community leader is proof that service, humility, and relentless love can change lives.

📍 Visit: Kentucky Pharmacy – 2233 Lower Hunters Trace, Louisville, KY
📲 Text: (502) 694-2441
🌐 Website: www.kypharmacy.net

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Health Immigration Kentucky Pharmacy Louisville, KY Leadership Development Small Businesses Vietnamese

Two Generations, One Purpose: AAPI Heritage Month Brings Susan Lieu and Vy Truong Together in Louisville

By Viet Bao Louisville KY | May 2025

In a deeply moving moment of cultural pride and community unity, Louisville hosted a powerful event on May 7, 2025, celebrating Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month—featuring two extraordinary Vietnamese-American women whose lives, stories, and leadership inspire across generations.

The public event, held at Americana World Community Center, took place right next door to Saint John Vianney, the only Vietnamese Catholic church in the state of Kentucky. Together, these two community landmarks served as the heart of a gathering filled with conversation, connection, and celebration.

Vy Truong: A Pillar of Care, Leadership, and Service in Louisville

At the center of this event was Dr. Vy Truong, a respected pharmacist, entrepreneur, and community leader who embodies the spirit of service in all she does. As the CEO of Kentucky Pharmacy and COO of Louisville Beauty Academy, Vy’s mission has always been to elevate the underserved through access to healthcare, education, and compassionate support.

Born in Vietnam and educated through 12th grade before immigrating to the U.S., Vy represents the “1.5 generation”—bringing deep cultural roots while rising as a leader in the American professional landscape. She completed her Doctor of Pharmacy degree in Boston, Massachusetts and is currently licensed to practice pharmacy in Massachusetts, Kentucky, and Indiana. Her work has been recognized through multiple honors, including the 2025 MOSAIC Award, the Family Business Award, and her growing presence as a leading woman in healthcare equity.

What sets Vy apart is not only her resume, but her heart. She constantly steps up—volunteering her time, offering her leadership freely, and lifting others without hesitation. Moderating this high-profile conversation with author Susan Lieu, Vy once again led with grace, humility, and a genuine commitment to elevate her community.

Susan Lieu: A Story Rare Even Among Vietnamese-Americans

On the other side of the stage stood Susan Lieu, a Harvard and Yale business graduate, whose story captivated the audience. Born in the U.S. to refugee parents, Susan’s memoir, The Manicurist’s Daughter, explores the loss of her mother to a botched cosmetic surgery and the intergenerational trauma that followed.

What makes her story so rare—both in the Vietnamese and broader American context—is how she channels that trauma into healing, through bold storytelling, art, and activism. Despite her Ivy League education, Susan’s roots lie in the same nail salon world so many Vietnamese families know—making her both relatable and revolutionary. Her book has been named a Best Book of 2024 by NPR, Smithsonian Magazine, and ELLE, and her voice is quickly becoming one of the most important among the Vietnamese diaspora in America.

Where Culture Meets Faith, Healing, and Hope

This unforgettable event didn’t just happen in isolation—it was shaped by the spirit of Louisville itself. At Americana, families, youth, and elders gathered to hear stories that reflected their own struggles and strength. Immediately after, many walked next door to Saint John Vianney Church, where community members mingled with Susan Lieu, discussed the topics raised, and shared in a sacred moment of cultural reflection.

Featured by WHAS11 News, this moment served as a perfect tribute to AAPI Heritage Month, shining a light on the Vietnamese-American experience in Kentucky—a story of resilience, service, sacrifice, and rising together.

In a city like Louisville, where immigrant roots grow into leadership, and where Vietnamese voices are rising stronger every year, this was more than an event. It was a testament to the beauty of cross-generational Vietnamese-American impact—where one woman (Vy Truong) uplifts through healthcare and direct service, and another (Susan Lieu) heals through words, performance, and truth.

This is the beauty of Louisville.
This is the power of Vietnamese women.
This is America at its best.

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A Heartfelt Letter to My Sons: Jayden, Skylar, Dylan – From the Book Be a DICK, Son: Nail Down Responsibility, Fail Forward, and Protect What Matters by Di Tran

INTRODUCTION: A Letter to My Sons: Jayden, Skylar, and Dylan

My dear sons,

As I sit down to write this letter, I am overwhelmed with gratitude for the blessing of being your father. Jayden, you are 10. Skylar, you are 9. Dylan, you are 7. You are still young, but I already see glimpses of the strong, purposeful men you will become. This letter is not just for the three of you, but for all sons, young and old, who are navigating their journey to manhood.

You are growing up in a time of extraordinary convenience, where technology brings the world to your fingertips. With a click, you can connect to your family, learn about the world, and have your needs delivered almost instantly. Yet, I want you to remember this: being a man is not about convenience. It is about character. It is about responsibility. It is about stepping into your purpose and living with strength, integrity, and kindness.

Email DiTranLLC@gmail.com for the Vietnamese translated PDF copy of this book

Be Present, Be Strong

The world you are growing up in moves at an incredible pace. Everyone is chasing something—scrolling through screens, rushing through moments, searching for what’s next. But, my sons, to be a man is to stand firm and be grounded in who you are. True strength lies in knowing how to stay still within yourself, even when the world pulls you in a thousand directions.

No matter what life throws at you, rise to the occasion. Tell yourself: “I am stronger than this.”

Every morning and every night, we pray together:
“Thank you, God, for I am alive, I am strong, I am confident, I am a winner. I give 100% in all situations, in all conditions, in all environments, and in everything I do. I commit to adding value to myself, to others, and to the world.”

This prayer is more than words—it is a declaration of who we are. Remember, sons, your only competition is yourself from yesterday. Compare yourself to who you were, not to others. Strive to grow stronger, wiser, and more compassionate every day.

Actions Over Words

Let me share one of life’s most important lessons: It is always about actions, not opinions. It is always about creation, not description. Talking about what you will do means nothing unless you take steps to make it happen.

Invest in yourself—your mind, your body, and your soul. When you do this, you become an asset to your family, your community, and the world. Only when you have strengthened yourself can you truly add value to others.

Your mother and I work tirelessly every day—not because we must, but because we love to create, build, and grow. We start new businesses, solve problems, and interact with countless people daily. But it’s not just about work. It’s about purpose. And you, too, must live with purpose.

At your age, your “business” is your homework, your chores, your relationships, and your personal growth. Every time you make your bed, wash your dishes, help someone, or learn something new, you are laying the foundation for the man you will become. Every action matters, no matter how small.

Rise Through Responsibility

To “man up” does not mean pretending to be tough or invulnerable. It means taking ownership of your responsibilities. When life hands you challenges, don’t avoid them. Face them and say: “Let’s get to work.” Start small. Tackle one thing at a time. The best way to rise is to begin.

Every small act of responsibility—whether it’s doing your chores, showing gratitude, or saying “I’ll handle it”—builds a stronger version of yourself. And remember, sons, you are not competing with anyone else. You are only competing with who you were yesterday.

Love Imperfection and Fail Fast

Sons, imperfection is a gift. Failure is not something to fear—it is something to embrace. Your mother and I have failed more times than we can count. But each failure brought us closer to success.

Fail fast, and fail forward. Each failure teaches you something new. Each stumble is a step toward growth. The only true failure is to stop trying.

Be Grateful and Give Your All

Gratitude is one of the most powerful forces in the world. Every morning when you wake up and every night before you sleep, look up and say: “Thank you, God.” Thank Him for the day, for your family, for your health, and for the chance to give your all.

When you live with gratitude, you approach every moment, task, and challenge with your best attitude. And that is all anyone can ask of you: to give your all, every single time.

Protect What Matters

As men, we take risks. We step into the unknown. But in doing so, we must also protect what matters most—our core.

Your core is your spirit, health, and purpose:

  • Your spirit is your connection to God, your faith, and your values. Protect it by surrounding yourself with positivity and rejecting negativity.
  • Your health is your body and mind. Treat them with respect. Eat well, stay active, and keep your thoughts focused.
  • Your purpose is your “why.” It is the reason you wake up every day. Protect it fiercely and let it guide your decisions.

Take risks for the right reasons, but never compromise your core.

Simply Be

Being a man is not about doing more. It’s about being. Be present. Be strong. Be grateful. Be grounded in your purpose and values. In your hardest moments, when the world feels like it’s falling apart, your presence and positivity will be the greatest gift you can offer.

Our Prayer and Promise

Sons, as we pray together, we ask God to guide us, to strengthen us, and to remind us of who we are:
“Thank you, God, for I am alive, I am strong, I am confident, I am a winner. I give 100% in all situations, in all conditions, in all environments, and in everything I do.”

This prayer is not just words. It is our promise. To live fully. To work hard. To love deeply. To rise every day and strive to be better than the day before.

Rise, Sons

Jayden, Skylar, Dylan—rise to every occasion. Rise above every challenge. Rise to become the men God created you to be. Accept imperfection. Embrace failure. Keep moving forward. Be strong, but be kind. Be courageous, but be humble. Be everything you already are—and more.

You are my sons, and I am endlessly proud of you—not for what you’ve done, but for who you are and who you are becoming. You don’t need to compare yourself to anyone else. You are enough. You are loved. You are capable of greatness.

Rise. Act. Thank God for every moment. And always protect your core.

With love beyond words,
Your Dad,
Di Tran

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Health

Celebrating Our Medical Heroes on World Polio Day: A Tribute to Those Who Serve

Today, on October 24th, as we gather to commemorate World Polio Day, we take a moment to reflect on the countless medical professionals who dedicate their lives to serving the health and well-being of communities around the globe. From doctors and nurses to pharmacists and medical researchers, these heroes have been on the frontlines in the battle against diseases like polio and more recently, COVID-19. Their unwavering commitment, particularly in times of crisis, deserves our deepest appreciation and respect.

As we reflect on the near-eradication of polio—thanks to global vaccination campaigns spearheaded by organizations like Rotary International—we are reminded of the power of vaccines as a critical tool in the fight against infectious diseases. Polio, once a disease that caused widespread devastation, has been reduced to only two endemic countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan. This remarkable achievement is a testament to the effectiveness of vaccination, which remains the most proven way to prevent pandemics and infectious outbreaks. We celebrate the medical workers, researchers, and volunteers who have made this possible, particularly as we inch closer to a world without polio.

Today’s keynote speaker, Dr. Daniel Blatt, an Infectious Disease Specialist at Norton Children’s, shared profound insights on the intersectionality of science, healthcare, and the social ecosystem. His discussion titled “Infections to Pandemics: The Intersectionality of Science, Healthcare, and the Social Ecosystem” highlighted how factors such as climate change, human travel, and geopolitical instability continue to shape health challenges in our world. Dr. Blatt emphasized how crucial it is for society to remain vigilant, understanding that infections don’t just affect individual health—they ripple into every aspect of life, including education and the economy. His words reinforced the critical importance of vaccination in preventing diseases from spreading across borders, a message that resonates strongly on World Polio Day.

Among the attendees was Di Tran, who, alongside his wife Vy Truong, a pharmacist, has witnessed firsthand the impacts of misinformation and fear regarding vaccines. Vy has encountered countless individuals grappling with uncertainty and fear about vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. The misinformation spread during this time not only undermined public health efforts but also led to a great deal of hostility toward medical professionals who were simply trying to protect their communities. Despite these challenges, Vy, like so many others in her field, remained committed to her mission of promoting health and safety for all.

This day reminds us of the continued need to educate and advocate for vaccinations, not only as a tool to combat existing diseases like polio but also as a means of preventing future pandemics. COVID-19 may not be far behind us, but it has taught us invaluable lessons about the importance of vaccines and the essential role medical professionals play in safeguarding our global health.

To all the doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and healthcare workers who have stood strong in the face of fear, adversity, and misinformation—we thank you. Your efforts have saved countless lives and brought us closer to a world where diseases like polio no longer exist. Today, we honor you, and we celebrate the progress that has been made, knowing that with your continued dedication, the fight against disease will one day be won.

Thank you for your service.

Let this World Polio Day stand as a symbol of hope, perseverance, and the incredible impact of medical heroes worldwide.

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The Hidden Health Risks of High-Level Professionals: Stress, Retirement, and Their Impact on Longevity

Introduction: The transition from a high-stakes professional career to retirement or career changes can have profound effects on an individual’s health. High-level professionals, particularly those in executive positions, often face unique challenges that contribute to both physical and mental health risks. Chronic stress, identity loss, and financial concerns can create a perfect storm that negatively impacts well-being. Below, we explore various studies and research findings that shed light on the relationship between stress, retirement, and long-term health outcomes for those in leadership roles.

1. Stress and Health in High-Level Professionals:

  • Chronic Stress: Numerous studies have shown that chronic stress, often associated with leadership roles, can negatively impact cardiovascular health, lead to hypertension, and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other serious conditions. Executives, CEOs, and high-level professionals are often exposed to significant amounts of stress, and this can affect both physical and mental health over time.
  • Mental Health and Burnout: A study by the Harvard Business Review found that high-level professionals often experience burnout, depression, and anxiety due to their demanding roles. Burnout can also lead to cognitive and emotional exhaustion, contributing to long-term health complications.

2. Retirement and Post-Career Health Decline:

  • The Retirement Effect: Research published in The Journal of Human Resources and other academic sources indicates that retirement can lead to both positive and negative health outcomes. For some, retirement reduces stress and improves overall well-being. However, for others, especially those who strongly identify with their work or leadership role, retirement can lead to a decline in mental and physical health.
  • A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) found that men in particular often experience increased rates of depression, anxiety, and other health problems after retirement, which may be due to a loss of purpose, routine, and social engagement. For some, the sudden change can lead to significant stress or feelings of identity loss, contributing to health issues.

3. Financial and Economic Stress Post-Retirement:

  • Economic Stress and Health: According to the American Psychological Association (APA), financial instability or concerns about maintaining one’s standard of living in retirement can be a major source of stress. While high-level professionals like your mentors likely earned significant incomes, the pressure to maintain their financial position and lifestyle, especially without a comparable job, can create ongoing stress.
  • Status and Identity Loss: Studies from Psychology Today have noted that high achievers in executive positions often tie their self-worth to their careers. When leaving a high-ranking role, they may face an identity crisis, causing stress that can lead to both mental and physical health decline.

4. Life Expectancy of Retired Executives:

  • Some studies have examined the relationship between retirement and life expectancy, though results vary. Research from Oxford University found that while early retirement sometimes correlates with increased longevity for lower-stress jobs, the opposite is often true for high-stress professions, where retirement may be followed by a decline in both health and lifespan. Stress, a sense of lost purpose, and the difficulty of adjusting to life without the structure of a career can contribute to this.

5. The Role of Credibility and Job Market Pressure:

  • Impact on Identity and Self-Worth: High-ranking professionals who leave their jobs may also struggle with feelings of diminished credibility or relevance in their industry, especially if they cannot find similar positions. This can cause stress, especially for individuals who have built their self-esteem around professional success.
  • Job Market Pressure: For older professionals, finding comparable roles can be difficult due to age-related biases in the job market. According to the Center on Aging & Work at Boston College, older executives may face ageism and reduced job opportunities, which can be financially and emotionally stressful.

Conclusion:

There is statistical and academic evidence suggesting that the combination of chronic stress from high-level careers, the challenges of adjusting to retirement, and the potential financial or identity-related concerns can lead to significant health risks, particularly for men in leadership positions. These risks include physical conditions like heart disease as well as mental health challenges like depression and anxiety. The passing of your mentors after leaving their careers may align with some of these common patterns.

While each case is unique, the impact of work-related stress and retirement on health is a well-documented phenomenon, and seeking meaning and purpose beyond one’s career may help mitigate some of these risks.

P.S. As I, Di Tran, Founder of Viet Bao Louisville KY, mourn and reflect on the profound impact of my two mentors, I invite you to read more about their incredible lives:

  • Thomas Turley Noland Jr. was a brilliant communicator and corporate leader at Humana who passed away in 2022 after a battle with cancer.
  • Brian Keinsley was a kind and talented IT leader, retiring as Senior VP/CIO of Humana, who left us on October 12, 2024.

Their legacies remain close to my heart.

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Beauty Industries Bourbon Whiskey Branding Brandy Community Health Immigration Small Businesses Workforce Development

A Bright Future for Louisville: Nick Campisano’s Vision and Di Tran’s Support for City Transformation

At a recent Rotary Club of Louisville event, Nick Campisano, Founder and CEO of Zyyo, took center stage to share his ambitious vision for transforming the city’s real estate landscape. His presentation captivated the audience with plans for large-scale hotel and mixed-use development projects, underscoring Louisville’s potential as a premier destination for investors. Campisano’s approach is hands-on—sometimes as the “driver, passenger, and even in the trunk”—reflecting his commitment to ensuring that every project delivers a meaningful impact.

Nick highlighted key developments like the acquisition of 21c Museum Hotels by Accor and Rabbit Hole Distillery’s majority stake sale to Pernod Ricard. These moves not only draw international attention but also signal a new era of opportunity for the city. Louisville’s blend of affordability, cultural vibrancy, and strategic growth locations like the scenic Ohio Riverfront make it an appealing market for real estate development.

In the audience was Di Tran, a local entrepreneur and real estate investor, who admired Nick’s energy and vision for the city. Tran, known for his own diverse ventures—including educational initiatives, affordable housing, and Di Tran Bourbon, the first Vietnamese-owned bourbon brand—recognized the value of Campisano’s projects in shaping Louisville’s future. Tran’s initiatives have long centered around supporting economic growth and community development, and he sees alignment with Campisano’s efforts to revitalize Louisville and elevate its status on the global stage.

Both Campisano and Tran agreed that the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program presents an ideal pathway to fuel the city’s transformation. The program, which grants U.S. residency to foreign investors who create American jobs, aligns with their shared vision of attracting international capital to fund local projects. By integrating EB-5 into Louisville’s development strategy, they aim to harness global interest in the city’s potential while fostering a new wave of economic activity and job creation.

Together, these two leaders represent a dual force of local innovation and international ambition, driving Louisville toward a future of growth and prosperity. With leaders like Nick Campisano pushing boundaries in real estate and advocates like Di Tran contributing to economic and social progress, Louisville is well-positioned for a renaissance that blends local tradition with global reach, setting the stage for a thriving, dynamic city where opportunity knows no bounds.

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Health Immigration

Revolutionizing Personal Healthcare: Kentucky Pharmacy Takes Personalized Service to New Heights

At Kentucky Pharmacy, health isn’t just about dispensing medications – it’s about transforming the way we care for our community. As a Kentucky state-licensed pharmacy, we’re proud to partner with one of the nation’s top drug and brand-name wholesalers, McKesson, to bring high-quality healthcare directly to your doorstep. From free prescription deliveries to personalized vaccination services at community events, we’re dedicated to making healthcare more accessible, convenient, and personal than ever before.

Bringing Care to Your Community: A New Approach to Personalized Healthcare

At Kentucky Pharmacy, we believe in going beyond the traditional pharmacy model. We understand that life is busy, and managing your health can feel overwhelming. That’s why we’ve revolutionized personal service by bringing healthcare to you, wherever you are. Whether it’s through our on-site vaccination clinics or our free prescription delivery service, we aim to make healthcare effortless and personal for everyone.

Our vaccination clinic season kicked off with an amazing start – nearly 100 vaccines were administered at our first clinic! We offered protection against the flu, COVID-19, shingles, pneumonia, RSV, and more, ensuring that our community stays healthy and protected. This is just one example of how we’re fulfilling our mission to keep Kentucky safe, one shot at a time.

On-Site Services: Vaccinations at Your Event and Location

One of the ways we stand out is by offering on-site services for vaccinations and other healthcare needs. Whether it’s a school, business, community event, or church gathering, we bring our services to you. Our team of healthcare professionals is equipped to administer vaccines at any location upon request, making it easier than ever to protect yourself and those around you.

Just recently, our clinic at St. John Vianney Cafeteria served dozens of individuals, all while maintaining a warm, welcoming environment. But our work doesn’t stop there – our next clinic is already scheduled for 9/29, and we’re excited to continue offering personalized care to those who need it.

Free Prescription Delivery: Healthcare at Your Doorstep

Beyond our vaccination services, Kentucky Pharmacy is also proud to offer free prescription delivery, ensuring that our patients receive their medications without ever having to leave home. Whether you’re unable to make it to the pharmacy, have a busy schedule, or simply prefer the convenience, we’ve got you covered.

We understand that access to medication is critical, and we are committed to removing barriers that prevent people from getting the care they need. With our free delivery service, you can have peace of mind knowing that your prescriptions will arrive at your home or event promptly and with the same personal touch that defines Kentucky Pharmacy.

Partnering with McKesson: Unmatched Quality and Trust

Our dedication to excellence is further strengthened by our partnership with McKesson, one of the nation’s leading drug and brand-name wholesalers. This partnership ensures that Kentucky Pharmacy provides only the highest quality medications and supplies to our patients. With McKesson’s trusted products, you can rest assured that your health is in good hands.

A Bright Future for Healthcare in Kentucky

Kentucky Pharmacy is proud to lead the way in revolutionizing personal healthcare. From vaccinations and free prescription deliveries to on-site services at community events, we’re committed to making healthcare more accessible, more convenient, and more personal than ever before. Our mission is clear: to bring exceptional care directly to our community, wherever and whenever it’s needed.

As we continue our journey, we invite you to join us in building a healthier Kentucky. Whether you attend one of our upcoming clinics, request a vaccination for your event, or benefit from our free delivery services, Kentucky Pharmacy is here for you – every step of the way. Together, we can make healthcare not just a service, but a personal and compassionate experience for all.

For more information or to schedule an on-site vaccination clinic, call or text us at 502-694-2441. Let’s keep Kentucky safe, one service at a time.

Louisville’s Premier Independent Family-Oriented Pharmacy
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Food Health

The Dandelion: A Nutritional Powerhouse in Your Backyard

The dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is often regarded as a pesky weed, popping up uninvited in lawns and gardens. However, this resilient plant is much more than an unwanted guest—it’s a nutritional powerhouse with a long history of medicinal and culinary use. With its distinctively serrated leaves, bright yellow flowers, and deep roots, every part of the dandelion is edible and offers numerous health benefits.

Nutritional Profile

Dandelions are incredibly nutritious and can be a valuable addition to your diet. Here’s a breakdown of their key nutrients:

•   Vitamins: Dandelion greens are rich in vitamins A, C, and K. Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision, skin, and immune function. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that supports the immune system and skin health, while vitamin K plays a critical role in blood clotting and bone health.
•   Minerals: Dandelions provide a good amount of calcium, iron, potassium, and magnesium. Calcium is vital for bone health, while iron is essential for red blood cell production. Potassium helps regulate blood pressure, and magnesium supports muscle and nerve function.
•   Fiber: Dandelion greens are a good source of dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and promotes a healthy gut.

Health Benefits

1.  Supports Digestion: Dandelion greens have been used traditionally to aid digestion. They stimulate the production of gastric juices and bile, which helps in breaking down food more efficiently. The fiber in dandelion greens also promotes regular bowel movements, reducing the risk of constipation.
2.  Detoxifies the Liver: The roots of the dandelion plant are particularly beneficial for liver health. They have been used for centuries in herbal medicine to detoxify the liver and support its function. Dandelion root acts as a diuretic, helping to flush toxins from the body through increased urine production.
3.  Boosts the Immune System: The high vitamin C content in dandelion greens makes them an excellent choice for boosting the immune system. Vitamin C is known for its role in protecting against infection and promoting overall health.
4.  Promotes Healthy Skin: Dandelion has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. Some traditional uses include applying dandelion sap to warts and skin irritations, although scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited.
5.  Aids in Weight Management: Dandelion greens are low in calories and high in fiber, making them a great addition to a weight management plan. The fiber content helps you feel full longer, reducing the likelihood of overeating.
6.  Supports Bone Health: With high levels of calcium and vitamin K, dandelion greens contribute to strong bones and help reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

Culinary Uses

Dandelion is a versatile plant that can be used in various culinary preparations:

•   Salads: Young, tender dandelion leaves are perfect for fresh salads. Their slightly bitter taste pairs well with a tangy vinaigrette, nuts, cheese, and sweet fruits like apples or pears.
•   Soups and Stews: Dandelion greens can be added to soups and stews, much like spinach or kale. They add a nutritious boost to any dish.
•   Sautéed Greens: Sauté the leaves with garlic and olive oil for a simple, healthy side dish. You can also add them to pasta or rice dishes.
•   Tea: Dandelion tea, made from the roots or leaves, is a popular beverage known for its detoxifying properties. It has a slightly bitter, earthy flavor.
•   Dandelion Wine: The bright yellow flowers can be used to make dandelion wine, a traditional homemade wine with a floral aroma and sweet taste.
•   Coffee Substitute: Roasted dandelion root is often used as a caffeine-free coffee substitute. It has a rich, coffee-like flavor and can be enjoyed as a hot beverage.

Daily Consumption: Is It Safe?

Dandelion can be consumed daily as part of a balanced diet. However, as with any food, moderation is key. The slightly bitter taste of dandelion greens might be an acquired taste for some, but incorporating them regularly into meals can provide significant health benefits. They are a great way to add variety to your diet, especially if you are looking for nutrient-dense, low-calorie foods.

Considerations:

•   Allergies: Some individuals may be allergic to dandelions, particularly those with a sensitivity to plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed, daisies, and chrysanthemums.
•   Medication Interactions: Dandelion acts as a diuretic, so it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider if you are taking medications that are also diuretics or affect liver function.
•   Pesticides: If foraging dandelions, ensure they are harvested from areas free of pesticides and pollutants.

Conclusion

Far from being a mere garden nuisance, the dandelion is a highly nutritious and versatile plant that can play a valuable role in a healthy diet. Whether enjoyed as a fresh salad green, a detoxifying tea, or a flavorful sauté, dandelion offers numerous health benefits that can be enjoyed daily. Embrace this humble plant and discover the many ways it can enhance your well-being.

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Community Health

The Hidden Dangers of Sugar: Why It’s Bad and How Much Is Too Much?

Sugar, a staple in our daily diets, is often consumed in amounts far exceeding recommended levels. While it may enhance the flavor of our favorite foods and drinks, the excessive intake of sugar poses significant health risks. This article delves into why sugar is bad, how much we should ideally consume, and the hidden sources of sugar in our diets.

The Impact of Sugar on Health

Consuming too much sugar can lead to a range of health problems, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and dental issues. It can also contribute to poor mental health, with studies suggesting a link between high sugar intake and conditions like depression and anxiety. One of the primary reasons for these health issues is that sugar provides empty calories—calories that offer no nutritional benefits. This means that even if a person is consuming sufficient calories, they may still be lacking in essential nutrients.

Recommended Sugar Intake by Age

Health organizations, such as the American Heart Association (AHA), have set guidelines for daily sugar intake:

•   Children (2-18 years): No more than 6 teaspoons (25 grams) of added sugar per day.
•   Adult women: No more than 6 teaspoons (25 grams) of added sugar per day.
•   Adult men: No more than 9 teaspoons (36 grams) of added sugar per day.

These recommendations highlight the minimal amount of sugar our bodies actually need, as added sugar is not a necessary component of a healthy diet.

The Hidden Sugars in Everyday Foods and Drinks

Many people unknowingly consume excessive amounts of sugar through processed foods and beverages. For example:

•   Soda (Coke, Sprite, etc.): A 12-ounce can of soda can contain up to 10 teaspoons of sugar, exceeding the daily limit for children and women.
•   Boba tea with condensed milk: This popular drink can contain up to 13 teaspoons of sugar per serving, depending on the sweetness level and additional toppings.
•   Buffet and processed foods: Foods like hot dogs, sausages, cookies, and sauces often contain hidden sugars. For example, a single cookie can have 1-2 teaspoons of sugar, while a serving of ketchup can contain up to 1 teaspoon.

These hidden sugars contribute significantly to our daily intake, often pushing us far beyond the recommended limits.

The Myth of Exercise and Weight Loss

While exercise is vital for overall health, it is not a magic solution for weight loss, especially when high sugar consumption is involved. The concept of “burning off” calories from sugary foods and drinks is misleading. For instance, burning off the calories from a can of soda would require roughly 30 minutes of moderate exercise. However, the impact of sugar on insulin resistance, fat storage, and metabolic health complicates the equation, making weight loss more challenging despite physical activity.

The Ideal Diet: Zero Added Sugar

In an ideal world, the consumption of added sugar should be zero. Whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provide all the necessary sugars our bodies need in their natural forms, along with essential nutrients like fiber, vitamins, and minerals. These natural sugars are metabolized differently from added sugars, providing a more stable energy source and reducing the risk of blood sugar spikes.

Conclusion: Opt for Whole Foods and Water

To minimize the risks associated with sugar, focus on a diet rich in whole foods and avoid processed foods as much as possible. Water should be the primary beverage of choice, as it is free of added sugars and provides essential hydration without any adverse health effects.

By being mindful of the sugar content in our diets and making informed choices, we can significantly reduce our risk of chronic diseases and lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.

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